{"id":923,"date":"2026-09-30T06:38:04","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T03:38:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:5000\/afectiuni-ale-ochiului-test\/degenerare-maculara-legata-de-varsta-test\/"},"modified":"2026-09-30T23:51:58","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T20:51:58","slug":"degenerare-maculara-legata-de-varsta","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/inocare.ro\/en\/eye-conditions\/age-related-macular-degeneration\/","title":{"rendered":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row el_class=”inocare-vision-test inocare-condition-test-page”][vc_column width=”3\/4″ el_class=”inocare-vision-test-main”]

[vc_row_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-layout inocare-condition-test-section-layout–gallery”][vc_column_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-copy” width=”7\/12″][vc_custom_heading text=”What is AMD?” css=”” el_class=”inocare-vision-test__heading”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative retinal disease that predominantly affects the macula\u2014the central area responsible for detailed vision and accurate color perception.<\/p>\n

In developed countries, AMD is the leading cause of severe vision loss in people over 55. The disease usually begins in one eye but may eventually affect the other eye as well.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-media” width=”5\/12″][vc_single_image image=”459″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” el_class=”img-responsive-center custom-img-w1 card-clean inocare-condition-image inocare-vision-test-image”][vc_single_image image=”460″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” el_class=”img-responsive-center custom-img-w2 card-clean inocare-condition-image inocare-vision-test-image”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/section>

[vc_custom_heading text=”The role of the macula” el_class=”inocare-vision-test__heading”][vc_column_text]The macula provides precise vision for seeing details and recognizing subtle color variations. When the macula is affected by degenerative processes, central vision is severely impaired. In advanced stages, patients may perceive a dark spot (scotoma) in the center of their visual field. However, peripheral vision remains partially preserved, allowing spatial orientation, but with more faded colors and less distinct contours.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/section>

[vc_row_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-layout inocare-condition-test-section-layout–right”][vc_column_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-copy” width=”7\/12″][vc_custom_heading text=”Forms of AMD” el_class=”inocare-vision-test__heading”][vc_column_text]There are two main forms of macular degeneration:<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u2022 Atrophic (dry)<\/b><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u2022 Exudative (wet)<\/b><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Both forms are preceded by an early stage characterized by the appearance of yellowish deposits called drusen in the macula. From this stage, the disease may progress to the atrophic or exudative form, although in some cases it may remain stable.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-media” width=”5\/12″][vc_single_image image=”461″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” el_class=”img-responsive-center custom-img-w2 card-clean inocare-condition-image inocare-vision-test-image”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/section>

[vc_row_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-layout inocare-condition-test-section-layout–right”][vc_column_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-copy” width=”7\/12″][vc_custom_heading text=”Atrophic (dry) AMD” el_class=”inocare-vision-test__heading”][vc_column_text]The atrophic form progresses slowly. In advanced stages, progressive damage to the retinal cells in the macula leads to loss of central vision. This loss of central vision is gradual and proportional to the extent of the lesions.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Atrophic or dry AMD[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-media” width=”5\/12″][vc_single_image image=”462″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” el_class=”img-responsive-center custom-img-w2 card-clean inocare-condition-image inocare-vision-test-image”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/section>

[vc_row_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-layout inocare-condition-test-section-layout–right”][vc_column_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-copy” width=”7\/12″][vc_custom_heading text=”Exudative (wet) AMD” el_class=”inocare-vision-test__heading”][vc_column_text]The exudative form is much more aggressive and may develop even in the setting of the atrophic form. In this case, reduced oxygen and nutrient supply stimulates the formation of abnormal blood vessels\u2014called neovessels\u2014that grow into the retina.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]These abnormal vessels have fragile, permeable walls, causing plasma leakage and hemorrhages, with severe impairment of central vision.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Exudative wet AMD[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-media” width=”5\/12″][vc_single_image image=”463″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” el_class=”img-responsive-center custom-img-w2 card-clean inocare-condition-image inocare-vision-test-image”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/section>

[vc_row_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-layout inocare-condition-test-section-layout–gallery”][vc_column_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-copy” width=”7\/12″][vc_custom_heading text=”Symptoms” el_class=”inocare-vision-test__heading”][vc_column_text]Clinical manifestations vary depending on the stage and include:<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u2022 distorted vision (metamorphopsia)<\/i> \u2013 for example, straight lines appear wavy;<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

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Metamorphopsia<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

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\u2022 blurred vision, especially in the center of images;<\/div>\n
\u2022 altered perception of shapes, sizes, and colors;<\/div>\n
\u2022 appearance of a dark area (central scotoma);<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

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CENTRAL SCOTOMA<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

\u2022 <\/b>increased need for light when reading;<\/div>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

\u2022 <\/b>missing letters or fragments of words when reading.<\/div>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-media” width=”5\/12″][vc_single_image image=”464″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” el_class=”img-responsive-center custom-img-w1 card-clean inocare-condition-image inocare-vision-test-image”][vc_single_image image=”465″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” el_class=”img-responsive-center custom-img-w1 card-clean inocare-condition-image inocare-vision-test-image”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/section>

[vc_row_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-layout inocare-condition-test-section-layout–right”][vc_column_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-copy” width=”7\/12″][vc_custom_heading text=”Causes and risk factors” el_class=”inocare-vision-test__heading”][vc_column_text]AMD is a multifactorial condition caused by the interaction of genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=”Non-modifiable risk factors:” font_container=”tag:h4|text_align:left” el_class=”inocare-vision-test__heading”][vc_column_text]\u2022 Age<\/b> \u2013 prevalence and severity increase significantly with advancing age;<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u2022 Genetics<\/b> \u2013 for example, first-degree relatives of a patient with AMD have a threefold higher risk of developing the disease;<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u2022 Sex<\/b> \u2013 some studies show a higher frequency in women;<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u2022 Ethnicity<\/b> \u2013 prevalence is higher among Caucasian populations, particularly for the exudative form.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=”Modifiable risk factors:” font_container=”tag:h4|text_align:left” el_class=”inocare-vision-test__heading”][vc_column_text]\u2022 Smoking <\/b>\u2013 the main risk factor, by inducing oxidative stress and stimulating neovascularization;<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u2022 Excessive alcohol consumption<\/b> \u2013 associated with a higher risk of developing AMD;<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u2022 Unbalanced diet<\/b> \u2013 a diet high in animal fats and low in vegetables and antioxidants may promote AMD progression;<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u2022 Obesity<\/b> \u2013 associated with more rapid AMD progression;<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u2022 Sedentary lifestyle<\/b> \u2013 associated with a higher risk of disease progression;<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u2022 Excessive exposure to sunlight<\/b> \u2013 light has a photo-oxidative effect on the macula; protection with sunglasses is recommended.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Management and monitoring<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Patients diagnosed with AMD should undergo regular ophthalmological examinations. Periodic examinations are essential for early detection of progression and prompt initiation of treatment.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Paradoxically, the exudative form\u2014the most severe form\u2014can now be treated with modern therapies, such as intravitreal injections, which may slow disease progression. Therefore, regular ophthalmological checkups are crucial.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Patients can also use simple self-monitoring methods, such as the Amsler test, to detect metamorphopsia and other suggestive symptoms at an early stage, but an ophthalmological examination remains essential.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner el_class=”inocare-condition-test-section-media” width=”5\/12″][vc_single_image image=”466″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” el_class=”img-responsive-center custom-img-w1 card-clean inocare-condition-image inocare-vision-test-image”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<\/div><\/section>

[vc_custom_heading text=”Prevention” el_class=”inocare-vision-test__heading”][vc_column_text]The main way to reduce the occurrence of macular degeneration remains prevention, which can be achieved by reducing risk factors, namely:<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u2022 quitting smoking;<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u2022 limiting alcohol consumption (red wine, in moderate amounts, may have a protective effect);<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u2022 adopting a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, reducing red meat consumption and preferring white meat and fish;<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u2022 maintaining an optimal body weight and engaging in regular physical activity;<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u2022 protecting the eyes from solar radiation with good-quality sunglasses and hats, starting in youth.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/section>

[vc_custom_heading text=”The role of antioxidant supplements” el_class=”inocare-vision-test__heading”][vc_column_text]In addition to preventive measures, antioxidant-based supplements<\/b> may play an important role in protecting the macula. They help neutralize free radicals, reduce oxidative and photo-oxidative stress, and support retinal metabolism.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Thus, products specially formulated for eye health, such as Intravit and Intravit Forte, may have an adjunctive role<\/b> in slowing the degenerative progression of AMD, while supplements such as Mioret contribute to proper retinal nutrition, supporting the maintenance of visual function over the long term.<\/p>\n

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